Bunion

General Information
Its appearance indicates the malfunction still often associated with flat feet. Violation of muscle balance and may cause deflection cones and thumb. In this case the joint, which is associated with the thumb stops, bends in the outer part of the foot that is not associated with bone growth, and with it the wrong position. When a bunion can also be observed inflammation and pain in the fingers, especially the friction of shoes. A similar problem may occur on the other side of the foot, in the region of the little finger. If bursitis long passes and causes severe pain, injections of steroids or even surgery can solve the problem.
Causes
- Congenital deformity of the foot or toes;- Weak joints or other congenital disorders;- Wearing uncomfortable, tight shoes, especially with a sharp nose that makes your toes tightly pressed against each other;- Flat;- Diseases that lead to the destruction of the joints (eg, arthritis).Symptoms
In the event of a hard lump in the first phalanx of the big toe should pay attention to your shoes.
It is recommended to consult a doctor if you have:
- Deformed, crooked thumb;- Pain in inflammation of bursa (joint capsule around the joint or pouch filled with liquid);- Problems arise when wearing shoes;- On the cone having calluses.

Complications
- Purulent bursitis (inflammation of the bags);- Severe pain when walking.

What you can doChoose a comfortable, loose shoes with round or square face.Try to place your fingers between the clumps of cotton home wear special shoes with the separator between the thumb and second finger.
Place cones around any soft material (wool, gauze) or special pads to ease the friction of the surface of the shoe. These pads are sold in pharmacies.
Use special inserts for flat feet.
Consult your doctor if the pain prevents you from walking and does not pass.

What can a doctor
The physician must: cure complications, write the correct orthopedic shoes or special inserts for flat feet, recommend physiotherapy and painkillers. In severe cases, it is recommended to perform the surgery to remove the lump or straighten the toe.

Preventive measures
Always wear comfortable shoes. Avoid shoes with high heels, with a pointed nose....

Bursitis

Bursitis - inflammation of the joint capsule - usually caused by excessive load on the joint, or if the joint for a long time is under stress or pressure.
General Information
Any movement of the bones, ligaments and tendons relative to each other in the joints accompanied by friction. However, this is mitigated by the fluid friction, which is filled with periarticular bag (bursa). Bursitis inflammation of the bursa usually caused by excessive load on the joint, or if the joint for a long time is under stress or pressure.
The causes of bursitis joints
Typically, joint inflammation associated with its improper or excessive "use". Also bursitis may occur due to injuries or periarticular bag nearby tendons. The cause of bursitis can become repetitive physical stress, such as beating of the game of golf. The disease, known as "knees maid" or "water in the knee" - an inflammation of the bursa as a result of kneeling during cleaning. Other possible causes - arthritis and gout - causes inflammation of the joints and tendons throughout the body, respectively, and may affect the bursa. Such damage may be accompanied by a decrease in the mobility of the joint, redness, swelling, and occasionally an increase in temperature in the joint.
Bursitis most often occurs in the shoulder joint, because He has the greatest range of motion of all the major joints of the human body. Pain felt on the outer side of the shoulder. Slightly less affected elbow, hip, knee, ankle and wrist.The main complication of bursitis infection. Since the bursa is often just under the skin, the infection can be caused by various bacteria that penetrate through the damaged or diseased skin over the joint. Such cases require antibiotic therapy.
Symptoms of bursitis
- Pain, inflammation, swelling in the joint, especially when tensile or kneading during the training exercise,- Limited range of motion, accompanied by severe pain, or without,- Redness and local temperature rise over the joints.
What you can do
Use as little as possible when moving the affected joint, let the inflammation subside. If struck by the elbow, make elastic bandage on hand to prevent the movement to give the joint rest.
The alternation of hot and cold compresses can ease the pain.
To reduce pain and inflammation can be used without a prescription anti-inflammatory drugs.
When acute pain subside, begin to make easy movement in the joint, gradually increasing their volume.
What can a doctor
The doctor will ask you a series of questions about recent physical activity, conduct inspection. If there is a danger that the infected joint cavity, it may take on the joint analysis of the liquid. Also for the diagnosis may need an X-ray of the affected joint. Splinting fix the joint, reducing the volume of his movements. The tire is imposed only by a specialist.
To reduce inflammation and reduce pain you may prescribe pain relievers (analgesics) and anti-inflammatories.
Warming and other physiotherapy treatments can reduce the discomfort and inflammation, in addition allow some relax your muscles, nerves and tendons.
In severe or recurrent bursitis can discuss the issue of holding joint capsule puncture (removal of abnormal excess fluid from the cavity bloated and increase in size of the joint) or bunionectomy (removal of damaged bursa).

Phlebeurysm

In case of insufficiency of venous valves or lowering the tone of veins gravity is sufficient to interfere with normal blood flow. In this case, the blood stagnates in the veins, causing the venous vessels themselves are deformed. These are called varicose veins.
General Information
It is known that the gravity effect on blood flow. The heart acts as a pump, which provides a constant circulation of blood. For circulatory organs located above the heart, gravity exerts a positive effect. However, in the vessels of the lower limbs force of gravity acts against the body. Sometimes failure of venous valves or with a decrease in venous tone gravity is sufficient to interfere with normal blood flow. In this case, the blood stagnates in the veins, causing the venous vessels themselves are deformed. These are called varicose veins.
They can usually be found in the calf muscles and the back surface of the knee. Approximately every tenth inhabitant of the planet is suffering from varicose veins. As a rule, women aged 30 to 60 years old with a birth defect of the venous valves. This disease leads as obesity, poor posture, the conditions under which a person is forced for a long time standing or sitting, pregnancy. At each of these states is extra pressure on the veins and blood flow in the lower limbs difficult.
Causes of Varicose Veins
- Absence of venous valves, their hereditary defects or damage, so that they can not prevent the reflux of the blood in the lower extremities, which in turn is caused by gravity. Thus, veins dilate blood and overflow;- Long stay in an upright position.- Obesity;- Increased pressure on the veins of the lower half of the body at a voltage of muscles during defecation, while weight lifting, pregnancy.
Symptoms of varicose
- Twisted, dark blue or purple flowers veins in the legs;- Irregular brownish pigmentation of the skin in the lower legs and ankles;- Intense pain in the legs;- Occasional occurrence of cramps in the muscles of the lower extremities;- Thickened vein;- Ulcerative defects of the skin of the legs or in the joints.Complications
- Eczema;- Skin ulcers;- Severe venous bleeding wounds of the lower extremities;- Thrombophlebitis (inflammation of a certain area of ​​the vein, which is accompanied by the formation of a blood clot).
What you can do
Without treatment measures varicose disappears. However, you are free to relieve pain and reduce discomfort in the following ways:
Avoid prolonged standing motionless in one place. Without exercise, the blood stagnates in diseased vessels, the pressure increases. All this leads to an accumulation of water in the feet, ankles and the lower portion of the tibia, which is accompanied by increase of pain.
Remember to move, to change the position of the body. When walking reduced calf muscles. In this case, the blood flows away quickly to the heart, thereby reducing the pressure in the veins. In addition, physical activity through the liquid is absorbed by the soft tissues faster and thereby reducing pain.
Wear special medical stockings or socks, so you let the fluid retention in soft tissues.
Do not sleep sitting up.
If you have a long time to sit, bend and unbend legs at the ankle joint to maintain blood flow. In travel, pay special attention to the condition of the feet. Do not sit long in one place. Every 45-60 minutes, get up and need to warm up.Do not sit close to the fire. Fixed position of the body in combination with a high temperature environment, which enhances the veins lead to fluid retention together and discomfort in the legs.
Take a bath in the evening. If a hot bath early in the morning, then it will re-expand the veins and fluid retention, and, hence, to the painful syndrome.
Suffering from varicose rasshireniemven without any heart disease may be advisable to sleep in a position where the feet are above the level of the heart. Thus, gravity drainage is carried lower extremities. Raise your legs above heart level 3-4 times a day for 5-10 minutes. This is especially useful for pregnant women. Do not eat a lot of salty foods, because in this case more fluid is retained in the body.

What can a doctor
Your doctor may prescribe drugs to facilitate or improve the condition of the tone of veins. However, in patients with severe varicose requires sclerotherapy or surgery.
Sclerotherapy is a special injection drugs, the effect of which leads to the law decay and overgrowing of varicose veins, which prevents reflux of blood.
Surgery is the removal of varicose veins (vein excision).If necessary, the doctor will prescribe treatment complications.